Semi-detached houses

Semi-detached housing consists of pairs of houses build side by side as units sharing a party wall and regularly in such a way that each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin. This style of housing, although built throughout the world, is commonly seen as particularly symbolic of the suburbanization of the United Kingdom and Ireland, or post-war homes in middle Canada. This type of housing can be thought of as being a half-way state between terraced or row housing and single-family detached homes. Terraced housing is constituted by continuous row houses with open spaces at the front and back, while semi-detached houses have front, rear and any one side open spaces, and individual detached houses have open spaces on all sides.

Single-family detached home

A single-family detached home, or single-family home or detached house for short, also variously known as a single-detached dwelling or separate house, is a free-standing residential building. Most single-family homes are built on lots larger than the structure itself, adding a district surrounding the house, which is commonly called a yard in North American English or a garden in British English. Garages can also be found on most lots. In older homes, they are typically detached, standing as a separate building, either near a driveway or facing an alley in urban areas. Newer homes in North America favor attached garages, often facing the street, as most recent developments do not include alleys. The Santa House, Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, New York built in 1899 is a single-family detached home.

New York City Housing Authority

The New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA), created by urbanist Charles Abrams, provides housing for small and modest profits residents throughout the five boroughs of New York City. NYCHA also administer a citywide Section 8 Leased Housing series in rental apartments. Many of its facilities are known popularly as projects or "developments" and are associated with scarcity and offense. As a safety measure, these premises are patrolled by the NYPD Housing Bureau, with a total of 9 "PSA's," or Police Service Areas that watch each borough except Staten Island which has a divided unit from the Housing Bureau command known as the "SIHU"

NYCHA was created in 1934. At the end of 1935, NYCHA dedicated its first improvement, called First Houses, located on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The Housing Authority boomed in partnership with Robert Moses after World War II as a part of Moses' plan to clear old tenements and remake New York as a modern city. The majority of NYCHA developments were built between 1945 and 1965.

Basics concept of Structural Insulated Panel

The basic design concept for SIPs is stylish in its simplicity, and offers several advantages for constructing walls and roofs. Bonding the foam core to the stiff outer skins creates a web-and-flange structural strength across the length and breadth of the panel. With the capacity to handle axial, bending, racking, and shear loads, correctly designed and assembled SIPs not only replace conventional framing, but will withstand high wind, and seismic forces.

Insulation capacity is another advantage of Structural Insulated Panel. There is general agreement that SIPs offer better overall air tightness and practical thermal performance than conventionally framed walls. Panel systems offer a dense, uniform and continuous air barrier with few thermal bridges, and no opportunity for internal convection.